Bibliography

V.M. Bakhir

Selected references on electrochemical activation systems and technology

The list of references on electrochemical activation (ECA) systems and technology given below has been compiled by the author of said technology, who began his work in the field of electrochemical treatment of water and aqueous solutions in 1972. Each section of this sort of informational pilot chart is supplied with comments, which would help grasp the heart of the problem and not lose time on getting through “information noise” always surrounding new developing scientific and technical trends.

1. Theory, experimental studies, specific features of ECA application in various technological processes.

V.M. Bakhir, A.R. Atadzhanov, U.D. Mamadzhanov et al. Activated substances. Some problems of theory and practice. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1981, # 5. - pp. 68-72.
V.M. Bakhir, P.A. Kirpichnikov, A.G. Liakumovich et al. Mechanism of altering the reactivity of activated substances. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1982, # 4. - pp.70-74.
V.M. Bakhir, L.Ye. Spektor, U.D. Mamadzhanov. The physical nature of substance activation phenomena. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1983, # 1. - pp.60-64.
V.M. Bakhir, Kirpichnikov P.A., A.G. Liakumovich et al. On the nature of electrochemical activation of media. // Papers of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1986. V. 286, # 3. - pp. 663-666.
V.M. Bakhir, N.G. Tsikoridze, L.Ye. Spektor et al. Electrochemical activation of aqueous solutions and its technological application in food industry. // Series: Food Industry. - Tbilisi : Georgian Research Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, 1988, Issue, 3. - 81 pp; - illustrated.
V.M. Bakhir. Electrochemical activation. - Moscow : VNIII of Medical Engineering, 1992. - 2 parts - 657 pp; - illustrated.
V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir. Electrochemically activated water: anomalous properties, mechanism of biologic effect. - Moscow ; VNIIIMT, 1997- 228 pp; - illustrated.
V.M. Bakhir. Medical engineering systems and technologies for synthesis of electrochemically activated solutions. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1998 - 66 pp; - illustrated.
S.A. Panicheva. New technologies of disinfecting and sterilizing intricately shaped medical items. – Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1998 - 122 pp; - illustrated.
V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, O.I. Sukhova. Electrochemical activation: history, state, prospects. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999, - 256 pp.; - illustrated.
V.M. Bakhir. Modern engineering electrochemical systems for water decontamination, purification and activation. – Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999 – 84 pp; - illustrated.
B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir. Physical and chemical aspects of electrochemically activated water biologic effect: - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999 – 244 pp.; - illustrated.
V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky. Electrochemical activation: water purification and production of useful solutions. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 2001. - 176 pp.; - illustrated.
A.A. Zakomyrdin. Ecologically safe electrochemically activated disinfectant solutions, Veterinariya . – 2002. - #2 – pp. 12-14.
M.V. Gernet, V.M. Bakhir. The effect of electrochemically activated systems on malt enzymes, Pivo i Napitki . – 2002. – #5 – pp. 20-21.
S.N. Khrapenkov, M.V. Gernet, D.A. Sviridov, K.V. Kobelev, V.M. Bakhir. Application of ECA solutions and enzymatic preparations for hop extraction, Pivo i Napitki . – 2004. – # 2 – pp. 32-33.
I.A. Bushina, M.V. Gernet. Electrochemically activated water in cognac (brandy) technology, Pivo i Napitki . – 2004. – # 6 – pp. 50-52.
V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Problems of effectiveness and safety of applying chemical substances for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleansing and sterilization, Meditsinskaya konsultatsiya . – 2003 - # 1 – pp. 1-9.
V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva. Efficient and safe antimicrobial solutions: evolution of public perception of disinfectant measures, Meditsinskiy alfavit . – 2003 - # 9 – pp. 20-23.
V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Economic prerequisites of using STEL devices synthesizing washing, disinfectant and sterilizing solutions in medical facilities, Meditsinskiy alfavit . – 2004. - # 1 – pp. 25-27.
V.M. Bakhir Drinking water disinfection: problems and solutions, Pityevaya voda . – 2003. - # 1 – pp.13-20.
V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky. Effectiveness and safety of chemical substances for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleansing and sterilization, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2003. - # 1 – pp. 29-36.
Yu.G. Suchkov, I.I. Strelnikov, V.G. Slizkova, B.I. Leonov, V.P. Ippolitov, V.M. Bakhir. Disinfecting air-conditioners with anolyte solutions, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 3 – pp. 43-45.
V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya, I.I. Strelnikov, Yu.G. Suchkov. Ways to develop efficient and safe antimicrobial liquid agents and evolution of public perception of disinfection measures, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 3 – pp. 46-49.
V.M. Bakhir, N.Yu. Shomovskaya, V.I. Prilutsky,V.B. Rovinskaya. Application of ANK neutral anolyte for disinfecting objects in medical facilities by the example of City Clinical Hospital # 15, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 4 – pp. 87-88
V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfection: problems and solutions, Bulletin of new medical technologies. – 2003. - # 4 – pp. 78-80.
V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Chlorine-containing disinfectant solutions: false and real risks, Bulletin of new medical technologies. – 2003. - # 4 – pp. 80-83.
V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, O.P. Bityutskov, N.N. Dmitriyev. Progressive technology of water decontamination and purification, Zhilischno-kommunalnoye khozyaistvo . – 2004. - # 6, Part 1 – pp. 71-76.
V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfection issues: chemical agents and modern medical equipment, Zdravookhraneniye i meditsinskaya tekhnika . – 2003. - # 3 – pp. 25-27.
Ye.N. Bolotsky, V.M. Bakhir, A.M. Kozhemyakin. Bees surrounded by microbes, Pchelovodstvo . – 2002. - # 3 – pp. 23-26.
B.G. Sevastyanov. Anolyte and catholyte in medical treatment of bees, Pchelovodstvo . – 2002. - # 3 – pp. 26-27.
V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfectant agents: efficacy, safety, ecology, Ekologiya i Promyshlennost Rossii . – 2003. – October – pp. 31-34.

C o m m e n t s: For many years electrochemical activation has developed in conditions of rather poor informational coverage for wide scientific and technical community due to a number of reasons.

First of all, this new trend in scientific engineering was born in a branch research institution (1972, Tashkent , SredAzNII of the USSR Ministry of Gas Industry) and went on developing only because it was useful in specific processes of well drilling and oil and gas production. At that stage (1972-1979) public information about ECA successful industrial application was distributed only by specialized USSR Mingazprom, Minnefteprom and Mingeo publications. In spite of a lot of inventions in ECA field made at that period (over 150), most of them were unavailable for wide strata of scientific community since they were classified as “restricted”.

Secondly, after 1978-1981 publications in popular science journals “Izobretatel i Ratsionalizator”, “Tekhnika i Nauka” and some others about successful ECA application in mining, the given technology attracted attention of industrial engineers and scholars, many of whom worked in defense industry. It is at that time that active collaboration of specialists in the field of ECA from Central Asian Research Institute of Natural Gas headed by V.M. Bakhir with many experts from various institutions and enterprises of the Soviet Union began. This collaboration continues to date. Since 1987, the ideological center of this collaboration is located in Moscow and is represented by the Russian Academy of Research in Medical Engineering, Russian Scientific and Research Institute for Medical Engineering (VNIIIMT), the Research and Industrial Association EKRAN ( ОАО NP О EKRAN), and from 2005 – the Vitold Bakhir Institute of Electrochemical Systems and Technologies. Between 1985 and 1987 such center was Tashkent-based NPO VOSTOK of the USSR Defense Ministry where V.M. Bakhir and Yu.G. Zadorozhny worked.

ECA technology is so attractive for experts because its objects are well-known liquids, mostly common fresh water, which thanks to anodic or cathodic treatment, at modest power discharge, can be transformed into efficient technological solutions without using any special chemicals. Application of such solutions immediately after electrochemical treatment permits to considerably accelerate, simplify and reduce the price of routine technological processes simultaneously increasing final product quality and decreasing wastewater contamination.

Naturally, the results of most interesting investigations as well as descriptions of inventions made in 1979-1991 were not published openly either, though at that period, when ECA was especially thoroughly studied, a lot of various liquids (inorganic and organic) and even gases were examined, which made it possible to establish that the effect of electrochemical activation took place not only in diluted electrolyte aqueous solutions, but was a much more general phenomenon.

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Institute's mission Registration Certification REGISTER Research and Development activities Work structure Specialists and Experts Bibliography ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVATION Miscellaneous Scientific-and-technical examination News Contact Data	page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5 Bibliography V.M. Bakhir Selected references on electrochemical activation systems and technology The list of references on electrochemical activation (ECA) systems and technology given below has been compiled by the author of said technology, who began his work in the field of electrochemical treatment of water and aqueous solutions in 1972. Each section of this sort of informational pilot chart is supplied with comments, which would help grasp the heart of the problem and not lose time on getting through “information noise” always surrounding new developing scientific and technical trends. 1. Theory, experimental studies, specific features of ECA application in various technological processes. V.M. Bakhir, A.R. Atadzhanov, U.D. Mamadzhanov et al. Activated substances. Some problems of theory and practice. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1981, # 5. - pp. 68-72. V.M. Bakhir, P.A. Kirpichnikov, A.G. Liakumovich et al. Mechanism of altering the reactivity of activated substances. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1982, # 4. - pp.70-74. V.M. Bakhir, L.Ye. Spektor, U.D. Mamadzhanov. The physical nature of substance activation phenomena. // Proceedings of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences. Series of Technical Sciences, 1983, # 1. - pp.60-64. V.M. Bakhir, Kirpichnikov P.A., A.G. Liakumovich et al. On the nature of electrochemical activation of media. // Papers of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1986. V. 286, # 3. - pp. 663-666. V.M. Bakhir, N.G. Tsikoridze, L.Ye. Spektor et al. Electrochemical activation of aqueous solutions and its technological application in food industry. // Series: Food Industry. - Tbilisi : Georgian Research Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, 1988, Issue, 3. - 81 pp; - illustrated. V.M. Bakhir. Electrochemical activation. - Moscow : VNIII of Medical Engineering, 1992. - 2 parts - 657 pp; - illustrated. V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir. Electrochemically activated water: anomalous properties, mechanism of biologic effect. - Moscow ; VNIIIMT, 1997- 228 pp; - illustrated. V.M. Bakhir. Medical engineering systems and technologies for synthesis of electrochemically activated solutions. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1998 - 66 pp; - illustrated. S.A. Panicheva. New technologies of disinfecting and sterilizing intricately shaped medical items. – Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1998 - 122 pp; - illustrated. V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, O.I. Sukhova. Electrochemical activation: history, state, prospects. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999, - 256 pp.; - illustrated. V.M. Bakhir. Modern engineering electrochemical systems for water decontamination, purification and activation. – Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999 – 84 pp; - illustrated. B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir. Physical and chemical aspects of electrochemically activated water biologic effect: - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1999 – 244 pp.; - illustrated. V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky. Electrochemical activation: water purification and production of useful solutions. - Moscow , VNIIIMT, 2001. - 176 pp.; - illustrated. A.A. Zakomyrdin. Ecologically safe electrochemically activated disinfectant solutions, Veterinariya . – 2002. - #2 – pp. 12-14. M.V. Gernet, V.M. Bakhir. The effect of electrochemically activated systems on malt enzymes, Pivo i Napitki . – 2002. – #5 – pp. 20-21. S.N. Khrapenkov, M.V. Gernet, D.A. Sviridov, K.V. Kobelev, V.M. Bakhir. Application of ECA solutions and enzymatic preparations for hop extraction, Pivo i Napitki . – 2004. – # 2 – pp. 32-33. I.A. Bushina, M.V. Gernet. Electrochemically activated water in cognac (brandy) technology, Pivo i Napitki . – 2004. – # 6 – pp. 50-52. V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Problems of effectiveness and safety of applying chemical substances for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleansing and sterilization, Meditsinskaya konsultatsiya . – 2003 - # 1 – pp. 1-9. V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva. Efficient and safe antimicrobial solutions: evolution of public perception of disinfectant measures, Meditsinskiy alfavit . – 2003 - # 9 – pp. 20-23. V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Economic prerequisites of using STEL devices synthesizing washing, disinfectant and sterilizing solutions in medical facilities, Meditsinskiy alfavit . – 2004. - # 1 – pp. 25-27. V.M. Bakhir Drinking water disinfection: problems and solutions, Pityevaya voda . – 2003. - # 1 – pp.13-20. V.M. Bakhir, V.I. Vtorenko, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky. Effectiveness and safety of chemical substances for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleansing and sterilization, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2003. - # 1 – pp. 29-36. Yu.G. Suchkov, I.I. Strelnikov, V.G. Slizkova, B.I. Leonov, V.P. Ippolitov, V.M. Bakhir. Disinfecting air-conditioners with anolyte solutions, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 3 – pp. 43-45. V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya, I.I. Strelnikov, Yu.G. Suchkov. Ways to develop efficient and safe antimicrobial liquid agents and evolution of public perception of disinfection measures, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 3 – pp. 46-49. V.M. Bakhir, N.Yu. Shomovskaya, V.I. Prilutsky,V.B. Rovinskaya. Application of ANK neutral anolyte for disinfecting objects in medical facilities by the example of City Clinical Hospital # 15, Dezinfektsionnoye delo . – 2004. - # 4 – pp. 87-88 V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfection: problems and solutions, Bulletin of new medical technologies. – 2003. - # 4 – pp. 78-80. V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, S.A. Panicheva, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Chlorine-containing disinfectant solutions: false and real risks, Bulletin of new medical technologies. – 2003. - # 4 – pp. 80-83. V.M. Bakhir, Yu.G. Zadorozhny, O.P. Bityutskov, N.N. Dmitriyev. Progressive technology of water decontamination and purification, Zhilischno-kommunalnoye khozyaistvo . – 2004. - # 6, Part 1 – pp. 71-76. V.M. Bakhir, B.I. Leonov, V.I. Prilutsky, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfection issues: chemical agents and modern medical equipment, Zdravookhraneniye i meditsinskaya tekhnika . – 2003. - # 3 – pp. 25-27. Ye.N. Bolotsky, V.M. Bakhir, A.M. Kozhemyakin. Bees surrounded by microbes, Pchelovodstvo . – 2002. - # 3 – pp. 23-26. B.G. Sevastyanov. Anolyte and catholyte in medical treatment of bees, Pchelovodstvo . – 2002. - # 3 – pp. 26-27. V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir, N.Yu. Shomovskaya. Disinfectant agents: efficacy, safety, ecology, Ekologiya i Promyshlennost Rossii . – 2003. – October – pp. 31-34. C o m m e n t s: For many years electrochemical activation has developed in conditions of rather poor informational coverage for wide scientific and technical community due to a number of reasons. First of all, this new trend in scientific engineering was born in a branch research institution (1972, Tashkent , SredAzNII of the USSR Ministry of Gas Industry) and went on developing only because it was useful in specific processes of well drilling and oil and gas production. At that stage (1972-1979) public information about ECA successful industrial application was distributed only by specialized USSR Mingazprom, Minnefteprom and Mingeo publications. In spite of a lot of inventions in ECA field made at that period (over 150), most of them were unavailable for wide strata of scientific community since they were classified as “restricted”. Secondly, after 1978-1981 publications in popular science journals “Izobretatel i Ratsionalizator”, “Tekhnika i Nauka” and some others about successful ECA application in mining, the given technology attracted attention of industrial engineers and scholars, many of whom worked in defense industry. It is at that time that active collaboration of specialists in the field of ECA from Central Asian Research Institute of Natural Gas headed by V.M. Bakhir with many experts from various institutions and enterprises of the Soviet Union began. This collaboration continues to date. Since 1987, the ideological center of this collaboration is located in Moscow and is represented by the Russian Academy of Research in Medical Engineering, Russian Scientific and Research Institute for Medical Engineering (VNIIIMT), the Research and Industrial Association EKRAN ( ОАО NP О EKRAN), and from 2005 – the Vitold Bakhir Institute of Electrochemical Systems and Technologies. Between 1985 and 1987 such center was Tashkent-based NPO VOSTOK of the USSR Defense Ministry where V.M. Bakhir and Yu.G. Zadorozhny worked. ECA technology is so attractive for experts because its objects are well-known liquids, mostly common fresh water, which thanks to anodic or cathodic treatment, at modest power discharge, can be transformed into efficient technological solutions without using any special chemicals. Application of such solutions immediately after electrochemical treatment permits to considerably accelerate, simplify and reduce the price of routine technological processes simultaneously increasing final product quality and decreasing wastewater contamination. Naturally, the results of most interesting investigations as well as descriptions of inventions made in 1979-1991 were not published openly either, though at that period, when ECA was especially thoroughly studied, a lot of various liquids (inorganic and organic) and even gases were examined, which made it possible to establish that the effect of electrochemical activation took place not only in diluted electrolyte aqueous solutions, but was a much more general phenomenon. page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5
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