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3. FEM flow-through electrochemical modular cells and RPE reactors consisting of FEM module units, ECA technologies using FEM modular cells and RPE reactors

3.1. FEM-1 module, devices and technologies on its basis, RPE reactors fitted with FEM-1 modules

Electrochemical reactor 23.3.0061.00.00. (STP 21.5-19-31). Complete set of design documentation. VNIIIMT, Moscow , 1989, BTD VNIIIMT registration #: 19642 of 13.09.1989.
V. M. Bakhir. RPE-1 laboratory electrochemical diaphragm flow-through reactor. Operation manual. Moscow , FMPK GVTs of USSR Goskomstat, 1990. - 35 pp.
Specifications TU 42-2-665-92: STEL-MT-1 device to produce washing, disinfectant and sterilizing neutral solutions. Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1992.
Instructional guidelines on using electrochemically activated sodium chloride solution (neutral anolyte) produced in STEL-MT-1 device for disinfection, pre-srerilization cleansing and sterilization. Registration number of the State Committee on Sanitary and Epidemiologic Control of the Russian Federation 01-19/15-11 of 16. 09.1992, - 27 pp .
Complete set of technical documents on R & D theme # 23411242 of 23.10.1990 “Develop STEL-MT-1 portable universal device for producing washing and sterilizing solutions”, prepared at VNIIIMT of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation upon the Russian Health Ministry request. Theme supervisor - V. M. Bakhir. Work commenced in October 1990, completed in June 1992.
V. M. Bakhir, Y.G. Zadorozhny. Electrochemical treatment of water and device for electrochemically treating water. British patent GB 2 253 860. Filed 12.03.91, published 23.09.1992. The patent's authors are indicated in accordance with the Decision of the British Patent Bureau of January 13, 2000 . The first version of the process flow diagram of STEL-MT-1 device, FEM-1 module.
V. M. Bakhir, Y.G. Zadorozhny. An electrolytic method of drinking-water purification. British patent GB 2257982. Filed 24.07.1991, published 27.01.1993. The patent's authors are indicated in accordance with the Decision of the British Patent Bureau of January 13, 2000 . The first version of the technological process of water purification in EMERALD device.

C o m m e n t s: FEM-1 module played a very important role in the development of a new approach to systems and technology for producing electrochemically activated water and solutions. It was not widely used because of complexity of manufacturing collector heads and a number of problems associated with formation of bipolar areas on the electrode surface; however, it outlined an optimal principal way of developing commercial electrochemical systems. The flow chart including FEM-1 module with an auxiliary electrolyte capacity was first used in the process of developing STEL-MT-1 device, whose development, ordered by the Russian Health Ministry, started in October 1990 and was completed in June 1992. That flow chart was later described in the British patent GB 2 253 860. Preparation for STEL-MT-1 development, that is, designing and putting FEM-1 module into production, had been conducted in VNIIIMT MZ RF by V. M. Bakhir and Yu.G. Zadorozhny from 1989. Based on the analysis of the above indicated references the British Patent Bureau in January 2000 made a decision about changing the authors composition and indicating only the true authors in the patents GB 2 253 860 and GB 2257982.

3.2. FEM-2 element, devices and technologies on it's basis, RPE reactors fitted with FEM-2 elements

Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. Russia Patent № 2042639 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27.07.1995. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical line reactor RPE-L .
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Leonov B.I., Vedenkov V.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. Russia Patent № 2038322 . Filed 03.04. 1992, published 27.06. 1995. The STEL device for generation of electrochemically activated sterilizing, disinfectant and cleaning solutions – anolyte A, AN and catholyte K. This engineering solution is realized in STEL-MT-1 device.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Device for purification and disinfection of water. Russia Patent № 2038323 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27. 06.1995. Water purification device Emerald-M, technological process including anode treatment of water in diaphragm flow-through electrochemical reactor, declorination of water in catholyte reactor and further cathode treatment of water in the same reactor.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A. Device for disinfection and purification of water. Russia Patent № 2040477 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27.07.1995. Water purification device Emerald – S, technological process of water purification including anode treatment of water in diaphragm electrochemical reactor with simultaneous electrophoretic removal of cations and further declorination of water in catholyte reactor.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. International application WO 93/20014. Filed 26.03. 1993, published 14.10.1993 , convention priority of 03.04. 1992. Application is made by way of addition to the engineering decision of Russia patent № 2042639 of additional characteristics on engineering decisions of 3 Russia patents (№№ 2038322 , 2038323 , 2040477 ). Flow –through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L, devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water. USA Patent 5,427,667 pub. 27. 06.1995. Patent is taken out in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water. UK Patent GB 2 274 113, pub. 13.07.1994. Patent is taken out in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elemens), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water, Japan Patent Application 7-509536, pub. 19.10.1995. Publication accomplished in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2 , flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elements), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water, GERMANY, DE 43 91 418 T1, pub. 5.05.1994. Publication accomplished in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2 , flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elementt), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S.
Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Leonov B.I., Prilutsky V.I., Repetin E.A., Zadorozhny J.G., Naida N.N., Mashkov O.A., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Water treatment method, GERMANY, DE 43 18 628 A1 (filed 04.06.1993 ), pub. 09.12.1993. Technology of water purification MALAKHIT that lies in successive treatment of water in anode and cathode cells of the diaphragm electrochemical reactor, and further – in catholyte reactor of declorination.
Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Leonov B.I., Prilutsky V . I ., Repetin E . A ., Zadorozhny J.G., Naida N.N., Mashkov O . A ., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Water treatment method , UK Patent , GB 2 267 508 B (filed 04.06.1993 ), pub. 08.12.1993. Technology of water purification MALAKHIT.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Device for electrochemical purification of water. Russia Patent № 2056364 . Filed 15.03.1993 , published 20.03.1996. Device for water purification Emerald-K, technological process CHRISTALL that lies in the treatment of water in the anode cell of one electrochemical reactor, and, after separation of gas- water declorination and it's further treatment in cathode cell of the other reactor taking into consideration that pressure in processing cells of the reactors is higher than in auxiliary cells.
Lanina S.Y., Panicheva S.A., Bakhir V.M. Method of removal of monomer remains out of methachrylic polymers. Russia Patent № 2068851 . Filed 18.03. 93, published 10.11.96. Technology of removal of monomer remains out of artificial lens materials by way of extraction in electrochemically activated solutions.
Lanina S.Y., Bakhir V.M. Zadorozhny J.G. Method of regeneration of microspheres used in hospital beds “Klinitron”. Russia Patent №2055597. Filed 18.03.93 , published 10.03.96. Technology of regeneration of microspheres used in hospital burns department beds “Klinitron” by means of it's treatment in catholyte KN and anolyte AN.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B., Naumova E.V. Device for milk deacidification. Russia Patent № 2057435 . Filed 21.10.93. , published 10.04.96. Electrochemical device EHATRON for milk deacidification with no change of it's mineralization by means of it's treatment in the cathode cell of the electrochemical reactor, pressure in which is higher than pressure in auxiliary electrode cell, taking into consideration that usual sweet drinking water being used as an auxiliary electrolyte.
Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Lir I.L., Leonov B.I., Poulavsky A.M., Ryzhnev V.J. Method of generation of cleaning and sterilizing solutions for purification and preparation of trickling filters for repeated use. Russia Patent №2033807. Filed 19.04. 90, published 30.04.95. Technology of generation of cleaning and sterilizing solutions for disinfection , fore-sterilizing purification and sterilization of the artificial kidney dialyzers for the purpose of its' repeated use.
Vlyzko L.I., Popov A.O., Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B. Method of generation of diffusion juice. Russia Patent №2083670. filed 23.08.94 , published 10.07.97. Technology of increase of beet sugar yield.
Vlyzko L.I., Popov A.O., Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B. Method of white beet storage. Russia Patent №2056723. Filed 23.08.94 , published 27.03.96. Technology of preserving sugar degree in white beet during long storage.
Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of liquid. Russia Patent №2063932. Filed 11.10.93 , published 20.07.96. Flow-through electrochemical reactor, assembled from FEM-2 element of RPE-M type on redial collector.

C o m m e n t s: FEM-2 element from ideological viewpoint is a development of FEM-1, but from technical viewpoint is a completely new device essentially different from it's prototype - FEM-1 element. It is in FEM-2 that for the first time absolute and relative sizes of electrode cells are specified, danger of rise of bipolar parts of the electrodes surface is substantially lessened, possibilities of extensive industrial production are foreseen due to change in design of end sections situated in collector heads and accordingly of collector heads.

During the period of it's legal manufacture (1992-1995), i.e. in compliance with the License agreements and under control of it”s authors (Bakhir V.M. and Zadorozhny J.G.) there were produced more than 200 000 FEM-2 elements that were used in STEL, EMERALD devices and other electrochemical systems.

From 1992 until 1995 production of FEM-2 elements was organized in Joint Venture “Emerald” in Moscow .

However in 1995 the authors deprived Joint Venture “Emerald” of the right to produce FEM-2 for the reason of “Emerald”s illegal use of the rights transferred in accordance with the License Agreements and ceased to render scientific and technical assistance to this company. On 4 th July, 2002 by the Decision of the Chamber of the Moscow City Court joined into force the Decision of the Basmanny People's Court dated 13 th November 2001 declaring invalid from 4 th May 1995 the License Agreements dated 17 th September 1993 on transfer of exclusive license on use of 4 patent inventions, registered by Rospatent under the numbers: 1417/93,1418/93, 1419/93, 1420/93 concluded between V.M. Bakhir and Joint Venture “Emerald”. In such a way in the present time legal production of FEM-2 elements all over the world has ceased.


Institute's mission Registration Certification REGISTER Research and Development activities Work structure Specialists and Experts Bibliography ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVATION Miscellaneous Scientific-and-technical examination News Contact Data FALSIFICATION	page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5 page 3 3. FEM flow-through electrochemical modular cells and RPE reactors consisting of FEM module units, ECA technologies using FEM modular cells and RPE reactors 3.1. FEM-1 module, devices and technologies on its basis, RPE reactors fitted with FEM-1 modules Electrochemical reactor 23.3.0061.00.00. (STP 21.5-19-31). Complete set of design documentation. VNIIIMT, Moscow , 1989, BTD VNIIIMT registration #: 19642 of 13.09.1989. V. M. Bakhir. RPE-1 laboratory electrochemical diaphragm flow-through reactor. Operation manual. Moscow , FMPK GVTs of USSR Goskomstat, 1990. - 35 pp. Specifications TU 42-2-665-92: STEL-MT-1 device to produce washing, disinfectant and sterilizing neutral solutions. Moscow , VNIIIMT, 1992. Instructional guidelines on using electrochemically activated sodium chloride solution (neutral anolyte) produced in STEL-MT-1 device for disinfection, pre-srerilization cleansing and sterilization. Registration number of the State Committee on Sanitary and Epidemiologic Control of the Russian Federation 01-19/15-11 of 16. 09.1992, - 27 pp . Complete set of technical documents on R & D theme # 23411242 of 23.10.1990 “Develop STEL-MT-1 portable universal device for producing washing and sterilizing solutions”, prepared at VNIIIMT of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation upon the Russian Health Ministry request. Theme supervisor - V. M. Bakhir. Work commenced in October 1990, completed in June 1992. V. M. Bakhir, Y.G. Zadorozhny. Electrochemical treatment of water and device for electrochemically treating water. British patent GB 2 253 860. Filed 12.03.91, published 23.09.1992. The patent's authors are indicated in accordance with the Decision of the British Patent Bureau of January 13, 2000 . The first version of the process flow diagram of STEL-MT-1 device, FEM-1 module. V. M. Bakhir, Y.G. Zadorozhny. An electrolytic method of drinking-water purification. British patent GB 2257982. Filed 24.07.1991, published 27.01.1993. The patent's authors are indicated in accordance with the Decision of the British Patent Bureau of January 13, 2000 . The first version of the technological process of water purification in EMERALD device. C o m m e n t s: FEM-1 module played a very important role in the development of a new approach to systems and technology for producing electrochemically activated water and solutions. It was not widely used because of complexity of manufacturing collector heads and a number of problems associated with formation of bipolar areas on the electrode surface; however, it outlined an optimal principal way of developing commercial electrochemical systems. The flow chart including FEM-1 module with an auxiliary electrolyte capacity was first used in the process of developing STEL-MT-1 device, whose development, ordered by the Russian Health Ministry, started in October 1990 and was completed in June 1992. That flow chart was later described in the British patent GB 2 253 860. Preparation for STEL-MT-1 development, that is, designing and putting FEM-1 module into production, had been conducted in VNIIIMT MZ RF by V. M. Bakhir and Yu.G. Zadorozhny from 1989. Based on the analysis of the above indicated references the British Patent Bureau in January 2000 made a decision about changing the authors composition and indicating only the true authors in the patents GB 2 253 860 and GB 2257982. 3.2. FEM-2 element, devices and technologies on it's basis, RPE reactors fitted with FEM-2 elements Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. Russia Patent № 2042639 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27.07.1995. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical line reactor RPE-L . Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Leonov B.I., Vedenkov V.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. Russia Patent № 2038322 . Filed 03.04. 1992, published 27.06. 1995. The STEL device for generation of electrochemically activated sterilizing, disinfectant and cleaning solutions – anolyte A, AN and catholyte K. This engineering solution is realized in STEL-MT-1 device. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Device for purification and disinfection of water. Russia Patent № 2038323 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27. 06.1995. Water purification device Emerald-M, technological process including anode treatment of water in diaphragm flow-through electrochemical reactor, declorination of water in catholyte reactor and further cathode treatment of water in the same reactor. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A. Device for disinfection and purification of water. Russia Patent № 2040477 . Filed 03.04.1992 , published 27.07.1995. Water purification device Emerald – S, technological process of water purification including anode treatment of water in diaphragm electrochemical reactor with simultaneous electrophoretic removal of cations and further declorination of water in catholyte reactor. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of water. International application WO 93/20014. Filed 26.03. 1993, published 14.10.1993 , convention priority of 03.04. 1992. Application is made by way of addition to the engineering decision of Russia patent № 2042639 of additional characteristics on engineering decisions of 3 Russia patents (№№ 2038322 , 2038323 , 2040477 ). Flow –through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L, devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water. USA Patent 5,427,667 pub. 27. 06.1995. Patent is taken out in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water. UK Patent GB 2 274 113, pub. 13.07.1994. Patent is taken out in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2, flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elemens), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water, Japan Patent Application 7-509536, pub. 19.10.1995. Publication accomplished in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2 , flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elements), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Rakhmanin J.A., Naida I.N., Naida N.N., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Leonov B.I., Butin S.K., Vedenkov V.G. Apparatus for Electrochemical Treatment of Water, GERMANY, DE 43 91 418 T1, pub. 5.05.1994. Publication accomplished in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty on international application WO 93/20014. Flow-through electrochemical element FEM-2 , flow-through electrochemical reactor RPE-L (with line order of FEM elementt), devices STEL-MT-1, Emerald-M, Emerald-S. Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Leonov B.I., Prilutsky V.I., Repetin E.A., Zadorozhny J.G., Naida N.N., Mashkov O.A., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Water treatment method, GERMANY, DE 43 18 628 A1 (filed 04.06.1993 ), pub. 09.12.1993. Technology of water purification MALAKHIT that lies in successive treatment of water in anode and cathode cells of the diaphragm electrochemical reactor, and further – in catholyte reactor of declorination. Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Leonov B.I., Prilutsky V . I ., Repetin E . A ., Zadorozhny J.G., Naida N.N., Mashkov O . A ., Dzheiranishvili N.V., Butin S.K. Water treatment method , UK Patent , GB 2 267 508 B (filed 04.06.1993 ), pub. 08.12.1993. Technology of water purification MALAKHIT. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Device for electrochemical purification of water. Russia Patent № 2056364 . Filed 15.03.1993 , published 20.03.1996. Device for water purification Emerald-K, technological process CHRISTALL that lies in the treatment of water in the anode cell of one electrochemical reactor, and, after separation of gas- water declorination and it's further treatment in cathode cell of the other reactor taking into consideration that pressure in processing cells of the reactors is higher than in auxiliary cells. Lanina S.Y., Panicheva S.A., Bakhir V.M. Method of removal of monomer remains out of methachrylic polymers. Russia Patent № 2068851 . Filed 18.03. 93, published 10.11.96. Technology of removal of monomer remains out of artificial lens materials by way of extraction in electrochemically activated solutions. Lanina S.Y., Bakhir V.M. Zadorozhny J.G. Method of regeneration of microspheres used in hospital beds “Klinitron”. Russia Patent №2055597. Filed 18.03.93 , published 10.03.96. Technology of regeneration of microspheres used in hospital burns department beds “Klinitron” by means of it's treatment in catholyte KN and anolyte AN. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B., Naumova E.V. Device for milk deacidification. Russia Patent № 2057435 . Filed 21.10.93. , published 10.04.96. Electrochemical device EHATRON for milk deacidification with no change of it's mineralization by means of it's treatment in the cathode cell of the electrochemical reactor, pressure in which is higher than pressure in auxiliary electrode cell, taking into consideration that usual sweet drinking water being used as an auxiliary electrolyte. Bakhir V.M., Vedenkov V.G., Lir I.L., Leonov B.I., Poulavsky A.M., Ryzhnev V.J. Method of generation of cleaning and sterilizing solutions for purification and preparation of trickling filters for repeated use. Russia Patent №2033807. Filed 19.04. 90, published 30.04.95. Technology of generation of cleaning and sterilizing solutions for disinfection , fore-sterilizing purification and sterilization of the artificial kidney dialyzers for the purpose of its' repeated use. Vlyzko L.I., Popov A.O., Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B. Method of generation of diffusion juice. Russia Patent №2083670. filed 23.08.94 , published 10.07.97. Technology of increase of beet sugar yield. Vlyzko L.I., Popov A.O., Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G., Barabash T.B. Method of white beet storage. Russia Patent №2056723. Filed 23.08.94 , published 27.03.96. Technology of preserving sugar degree in white beet during long storage. Bakhir V.M., Zadorozhny J.G. Device for electrochemical treatment of liquid. Russia Patent №2063932. Filed 11.10.93 , published 20.07.96. Flow-through electrochemical reactor, assembled from FEM-2 element of RPE-M type on redial collector. C o m m e n t s: FEM-2 element from ideological viewpoint is a development of FEM-1, but from technical viewpoint is a completely new device essentially different from it's prototype - FEM-1 element. It is in FEM-2 that for the first time absolute and relative sizes of electrode cells are specified, danger of rise of bipolar parts of the electrodes surface is substantially lessened, possibilities of extensive industrial production are foreseen due to change in design of end sections situated in collector heads and accordingly of collector heads. During the period of it's legal manufacture (1992-1995), i.e. in compliance with the License agreements and under control of it”s authors (Bakhir V.M. and Zadorozhny J.G.) there were produced more than 200 000 FEM-2 elements that were used in STEL, EMERALD devices and other electrochemical systems. From 1992 until 1995 production of FEM-2 elements was organized in Joint Venture “Emerald” in Moscow . However in 1995 the authors deprived Joint Venture “Emerald” of the right to produce FEM-2 for the reason of “Emerald”s illegal use of the rights transferred in accordance with the License Agreements and ceased to render scientific and technical assistance to this company. On 4 th July, 2002 by the Decision of the Chamber of the Moscow City Court joined into force the Decision of the Basmanny People's Court dated 13 th November 2001 declaring invalid from 4 th May 1995 the License Agreements dated 17 th September 1993 on transfer of exclusive license on use of 4 patent inventions, registered by Rospatent under the numbers: 1417/93,1418/93, 1419/93, 1420/93 concluded between V.M. Bakhir and Joint Venture “Emerald”. In such a way in the present time legal production of FEM-2 elements all over the world has ceased. page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5
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